#ifndef MAGYAR_SORT_H
#define MAGYAR_SORT_H
/**
 * single header lib: In-place, fast heavily modified and optimized radix sort.
 *
 * Only unsigned ints for now, but should be able to modify for int and float...
 * This is the counting variant with smart changes (not per-bit).
 *
 * LICENCE: CC3 - look it up, you need to mention me but that is all
 */

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstring> // memset

// TODO: Only for the regular radix I guess
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm> // std::swap

namespace MagyarSort {
	/* CONFIG */

	// Only change these if you know what you are doing
	// I use these because I want to see if nibbles are
	// better or something...
	//
	// Bytes of nibbles only:
	// - DIGIT_RANGE and BITS_PER_DIGIT should correspond
	// - DIGITS should also correspond with the uint32_t
	// - and DIGIT_RANGE should be 2^n value (16 or 256)
#ifdef MAGYAR_SORT_NIBBLE
	// Per-nibble digits sorting
	static constexpr int DIGITS = 8; // "helyiérték"
	static constexpr int BITS_PER_DIGIT = 4; // "bit / helyiérték"
	static constexpr int DIGIT_RANGE = 16; // "helyiérték állapottér"
#else
	// Per-byte digits sorting
	static constexpr int DIGITS = 4; // "helyiérték"
	static constexpr int BITS_PER_DIGIT = 8; // "bit / helyiérték"
	static constexpr int DIGIT_RANGE = 256; // "helyiérték állapottér"
#endif

	/* DEBUG */

	void debugArr(uint32_t *arr, size_t size) {
		for(int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
			printf("%x, ", arr[i]);
		}
		printf("\n");
	}

	void debugRadics(size_t *radics) {
		for(size_t j = 0; j < DIGITS; ++j) {
			printf("d%d: ", j);
			for(size_t i = 0; i < DIGIT_RANGE; ++i) {
				printf("%d,", radics[i + DIGIT_RANGE*j]);
			}
			printf("\n\n");
		}
	}

	/* HELPERS */

	template<int DIGIT_CHOICE>
	static inline uint32_t getDigit(uint32_t num) noexcept {
		static constexpr int SHIFT = DIGIT_CHOICE * BITS_PER_DIGIT;

		uint32_t shifted = num >> SHIFT;
		return shifted & (DIGIT_RANGE - 1);
	}

	/** Recursive Functor: no class should be generated I think (compiler should be smart) */
	template<int DIGIT>
	struct OccurenceMagic : public OccurenceMagic<DIGIT - 1> {
		inline OccurenceMagic(uint32_t arr[], size_t i, size_t *radicsOut) noexcept
				: OccurenceMagic<DIGIT -1 >(arr, i, radicsOut) {
			// Parents run first so template recursion runs DIGIT=0 first...
			++radicsOut[getDigit<DIGIT>(arr[i]) + DIGIT_RANGE * DIGIT];
		}
	};
	/** Ends template recursion */
	template<>
	struct OccurenceMagic<-1> {
		inline OccurenceMagic(uint32_t arr[], size_t i, size_t *radicsOut) noexcept {}
	};

	static inline void countOccurences(uint32_t arr[], size_t size, size_t *radicsOut) noexcept {
		for(size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
			// Creates no object, struct is empty
			OccurenceMagic<DIGITS - 1>(arr, i, radicsOut);
		}
	}

	/** Recursive Functor: no class should be generated I think (compiler should be smart) */
	template<int DIGIT>
	struct PrefixMagic : public PrefixMagic<DIGIT - 1> {
		inline PrefixMagic(size_t *radics, size_t *prev, int i) noexcept
				: PrefixMagic<DIGIT - 1>(radics, prev, i) {
			static constexpr int DSTART = (DIGIT * DIGIT_RANGE);
			radics[DSTART + i] += prev[DIGIT];
			prev[DIGIT] = radics[DSTART + i];
		}
	};
	/** Ends template recursion */
	template<>
	struct PrefixMagic<-1> {
		inline PrefixMagic(size_t *radics, size_t *prev, int i) noexcept {}
	};

	/** Gets REFERENCE to the given digit from the radix-array that has more than one digits */
	template<int DIGIT>
	static inline size_t &rGet(size_t *radics, size_t i) noexcept {
		static constexpr int DSTART = (DIGIT * DIGIT_RANGE);
		return radics[DSTART + i];
	}

	static inline void calcPrefixSums(size_t *radics) noexcept {
		static thread_local size_t prev[DIGITS];
		memset(prev, 0, sizeof(prev));

		for(int i = 0; i < DIGIT_RANGE; ++i) {
			// This is a template-unrolled loop too
			PrefixMagic<DIGITS - 1>(radics, prev, i);
		}
	}

	/** Recursive Functor: no class should be generated I think (compiler should be smart) */
	template<int DIGIT>
	struct RadixMagic : public RadixMagic<DIGIT - 1> {
		inline RadixMagic(size_t *radics, uint32_t *&from, uint32_t *&to, size_t size) noexcept // BEWARE: "*&" needed to swap pointers..
				: RadixMagic<DIGIT - 1>(radics, from, to, size) {
			// DEBUG
			//printf("%d before: ", DIGIT);
			//debugArr(from, size);

			for(size_t i = size; i > 0; --i) { // right-to-left to ensure already sorted digits order we keep for iterations
				// Get num and its new offset / location
				auto num = from[i - 1];
				auto digVal = getDigit<DIGIT>(num);
				auto offset = (--rGet<DIGIT>(radics, digVal));

				// Add to the proper target location
				to[offset] = num;
			}

			// DEBUG
			//printf("%d after: ", DIGIT);
			//debugArr(to, size);

			// Only swaps pointers :-)
			std::swap(from, to);
		}
	};
	/** Ends template recursion */
	template<>
	struct RadixMagic<-1> {
		inline RadixMagic(size_t *radics, uint32_t *&from, uint32_t *&to, size_t size) noexcept { }
	};

	/* SORT */

	/** Sort the given array (in-place sorting) with the given size */
	inline void sort(uint32_t arr[], size_t size) noexcept {
		// Holds "digit" occurences, prefix sums, whatevers
		// First "DIGIT_RANGE" elem is for MSB "DIGITS", last is for LSB
		static thread_local size_t radics[DIGITS * DIGIT_RANGE];
		memset(radics, 0, sizeof(radics));

		// Calculate occurences of digits
		countOccurences(arr, size, radics);

		//debugRadics(radics);

		// Calculate prefix sums
		calcPrefixSums(radics);

		//debugRadics(radics);

		/* Regular (old) radix sort with small twist */

		// Regular radix sort - I just changed occurence couting and prefix summing to have more ILP
		// But because my approach does not use that, I want to keep this version in a branch for a
		// regular radix sort using better ILP just to see how it is doing if I wrote those "Magic"
		// above already anyways...

		// Regular radix sort needs a copy, see: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujb2CIWE8zY
		std::vector<uint32_t> arc(size);

		uint32_t *from = arr;
		uint32_t *to = &arc[0];

		RadixMagic<DIGITS - 1>(radics, from, to, size);

		// With an other API we could spare this copy if we can delete original arr and return ptr or something...
		// I am fine with this... this is not my main idea anyways, just little ILP tweak to regular radix sort
		//if(to != arr) { // <- logically, but bad they are already swapped here!!! BEWARE
		if(from != arr) { // <- in reality this is what we want because of last swap happened anyways!
			memcpy(arr, from, size);
		}
	}
};

#endif