spsort got twovalue sort special case (no infinite recursion)

space_partitioning_sort/spsort.h

@@ -63,6 +63,63 @@ void binsertion_sort(uint32_t *a, int n) {
 	}
 }
 
+/** Specific sort that sorts arrays that can only have two or one different values (but many of those). O(n) strictly linear! */
+void twovalue_sort(uint32_t *t, int n) {
+	if(n > 0) {
+		// Prepare for counting
+		uint32_t v1 = t[0];
+		bool has_v2 = false;
+		uint32_t v2;
+		int c1 = 0;
+		int c2 = 0;
+		int i = 0;
+
+		// Find second value (if there is any) and stop there
+		while((i < n) && !has_v2) {
+			has_v2 = (t[i] != v1);
+			v2 = t[i]; // can be junk, but only used when has_v2 == true!
+			c1 += !has_v2;
+			c2 += has_v2;
+			++i;
+		}
+
+		// TODO: This only works for numbers from now on...
+		//       But if we keep all until this point, we can
+		//       do a similar "xchg to the sides" trick here
+		//       by knowing which value is smaller and thus
+		//       code this to work generally if needed!
+
+		// Finish counting loop
+		while(i < n) {
+			c1 += (v1 == t[i]); // count v1s
+			c2 += has_v2 ? (v2 == t[i]) : 0;
+			++i;
+		}
+
+		// We have counts of value variants, just write them back
+
+		// Get which is the smaller value and how many there is?
+		int sv = has_v2 ? ((v2 < v1) ? v2 : v1): v1;
+		int sc = has_v2 ? ((v2 < v1) ? c2 : c1): c1;
+
+		// Write out the smaller values
+		i = 0;
+		while(i < sc) {
+			t[i] = sv;
+			++i;
+		}
+
+		// Write out the big values for all remaining places
+		if(i < n) {
+			int bv = has_v2 ? ((v2 >= v1) ? v2 : v1): v1;
+			while(i < n) {
+				t[i] = bv;
+				++i;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 /** Overflow-safe and generally safe */
 inline uint32_t internal_mid(uint32_t low, uint32_t high) {
 	/* Unsigned-ness make this overflow-safe */
@@ -166,7 +223,7 @@ inline void internal_spsort(uint32_t *t, int n, int m, uint32_t low, uint32_t mi
 			// means we can small-sort both.
 			binsertion_sort(t + left, rights);
 		} else {
-			// RE-PIVOT!!!
+			// RE-PIVOT!!! [right]
 			// This tries to help for cases where the
 			// domain of da values have a few outliers
 			// which would cause many unnecessity split.
@@ -174,7 +231,23 @@ inline void internal_spsort(uint32_t *t, int n, int m, uint32_t low, uint32_t mi
 			// This way the midpoint and all totally get
 			// re-evaluated too, which adds an O(n) here
 			// but make us have fewer extra steps hopefully.
-			spsort(t + left, rights, m);
+			if(lefts != 0) {
+				// Regular case (left had some elements at least)
+				spsort(t + left, rights, m);
+			} else {
+				// Extreme case where left was empty!
+				// This would lead to endless recursion
+				// so we need to handle this separately!
+				//
+				// When left is totally empty that means
+				// that right bucket can only have at most
+				// two distict values among its elements or
+				// less (that is it is either const values
+				// in a big array OR there are two different
+				// values in it in any ways). For this we
+				// implemented a special and optimized sort...
+				twovalue_sort(t + left, rights); // O(n)
+			}
 		}
 	} else {
 		// lefts are enough in count
@@ -182,7 +255,7 @@ inline void internal_spsort(uint32_t *t, int n, int m, uint32_t low, uint32_t mi
 			// if rights are too few, we insertion sort them
 			binsertion_sort(t + left, rights);
 
-			// RE-PIVOT!!!
+			// RE-PIVOT!!! [left]
 			// and we also need repivot similar to above!
 			spsort(t, lefts, m);
 		} else {